The former player: 'I really hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes descriptions of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has given considerable attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022